One-out-of-Many Unclonable Cryptography: Definitions, Constructions, and More

Fuyuki Kitagawa; Ryo Nishimaki

Paper 2023/229

One-out-of-Many Unclonable Cryptography: Definitions, Constructions, and More

Fuyuki Kitagawa, NTT Social Informatics Laboratories

Ryo Nishimaki

, NTT Social Informatics Laboratories

Abstract

The no-cloning principle of quantum mechanics enables us to achieve amazing unclonable cryptographic primitives, which is impossible in classical cryptography. However, the security definitions for unclonable cryptography are tricky. Achieving desirable security notions for unclonability is a challenging task. In particular, there is no indistinguishable-secure unclonable encryption and quantum copy-protection for single-bit output point functions in the standard model. To tackle this problem, we introduce and study relaxed but meaningful security notions for unclonable cryptography in this work. We call the new security notion one-out-of-many unclonable security. We obtain the following results. - We show that one-time strong anti-piracy secure secret key single-decryptor encryption (SDE) implies one-out-of-many indistinguishable-secure unclonable encryption. - We construct a one-time strong anti-piracy secure secret key SDE scheme in the standard model from the LWE assumption. - We construct one-out-of-many copy-protection for single-bit output point functions from one-out-of-many indistinguishable-secure unclonable encryption and the LWE assumption. - We construct one-out-of-many unclonable predicate encryption (PE) from one-out-of-many indistinguishable-secure unclonable encryption and the LWE assumption. Thus, we obtain one-out-of-many indistinguishable-secure unclonable encryption, one-out-of-many copy-protection for single-bit output point functions, and one-out-of-many unclonable PE in the standard model from the LWE assumption. In addition, our one-time SDE scheme is the first SDE scheme that does not rely on any oracle heuristics and strong assumptions such as indistinguishability obfuscation and witness encryption.

Note: Corrected typos.

Metadata

Available format(s): PDF
Category: Foundations
Publication info: A major revision of an IACR publication in TCC 2023
Keywords: Unclonable cryptography quantum copy-protection
Contact author(s): fuyuki kitagawa yh @ hco ntt co jp
ryo nishimaki zk @ hco ntt co jp
History: 2023-09-21: last of 3 revisions; 2023-02-20: received; See all versions
Short URL: https://ia.cr/2023/229
License: CC BY

BibTeX

@misc{cryptoeprint:2023/229,
      author = {Fuyuki Kitagawa and Ryo Nishimaki},
      title = {One-out-of-Many Unclonable Cryptography: Definitions, Constructions, and More},
      howpublished = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2023/229},
      year = {2023},
      note = {\url{https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/229}},
      url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/229}
}